COP (Conference of the Parties) meetings are critical global summits where nations negotiate and implement measures to address climate change. They provide a platform to assess progress on climate goals, set new commitments, and enhance international cooperation under frameworks like the Paris Agreement. These gatherings are vital for mobilizing resources, advancing climate justice, and ensuring that global warming remains within safe limits, typically 1.5°C or 2°C. COPs also drive innovation, accountability, and support for vulnerable nations facing the brunt of climate impacts.

This year’s COP – 29, held in Baku, Azerbaijan, resulted in a breakthrough agreement to triple annual climate finance for developing countries to $300 billion by 2035 and mobilize $1.3 trillion from public and private sources. Key outcomes included operationalizing carbon markets under the Paris Agreement, advancing climate transparency, and enhancing adaptation measures. Additional milestones included gender and indigenous community representation initiatives and strengthened global cooperation to align with the 1.5°C warming goal.